{"id":14892,"date":"2021-02-14T17:59:05","date_gmt":"2021-02-14T13:59:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/meprinter.com\/?p=14892\/"},"modified":"2021-02-14T23:01:24","modified_gmt":"2021-02-14T19:01:24","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a3-%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/meprinter.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a3-%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e !"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0646 “\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span>“\u060c<\/span>\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0647\u064a “\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648” \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c<\/span>\u00a0\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u0644\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f.. \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a “\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648”\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1514<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0648”\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648<\/span>”\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0633\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0633, \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646” \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646<\/span>\u00a0Wallachia \u00a0(\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/span>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0631<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c<\/span>\u00a0\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629, \u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631” \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 , \u0641\u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628<\/span>\u060c<\/span>\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0641 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1711<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u062b\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0631, \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1733 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0628\u063a (\u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629”, \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0631, \u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629, \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641, \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627, \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0643\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0631<\/span>\u00a0\u0633\u0646\u0629 1734\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646”, \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a, \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0668\u0669\u0669<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a, \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633, \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631, \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629, \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0631, \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1751 \u0643\u0627\u0646 “\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631” \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b.(6) \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644, \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0623\u0646\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1845 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u0633\u0646\u0629 1898\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u064e \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629, \u062d\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 , \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0631\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629, \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1798 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 “\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629” \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0640”\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646” \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u00a0<\/span>\u00a01798\u00a0\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646… \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a, \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. , \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<\/span>\u060c<\/span>\u00a0\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u00a0<\/span>\u00a01820\u00a0\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 “\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0642” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0643\u064a, \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0636\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627, \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 “\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648”, \u0641\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629, \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a “\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0642” \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062a, \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0631\u062a, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 243 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 ,\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646, \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0621 \u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0621, \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643, \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627, \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f (7), \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629, ,\u0625\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629, \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f, \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0647, \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629, \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646, \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627, \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span>.<\/p>\n

(8)\u00a0\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621, \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645, \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u064f\u0633\u0643\u064d, \u0648\u0632\u0647\u062f, \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0641, \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629, \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633, \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644, \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629, \u0623\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629, \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u0643\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646, \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645, \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629, \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b, \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u06291843, \u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/span>\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629”, \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b, \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629, \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0642.\u0648\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629), \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644<\/span>) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629, \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629, \u0644\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a, \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b<\/span>\u00a0Eli Smith ,\u00a0\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0644”, \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0643, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645: \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a, \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0632\u062c\u064a, \u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644. \u0625\u0630 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u062b\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 “\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629”(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u062a \u201c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u201d (1875)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0642\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0646\u0629\u00a0<\/span>\u00a01930\u00a0\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632\u062a\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0“\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629” \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 ” \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646” \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064a\u0646 2848 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631” \u0641\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 ” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 1684 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 . \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639” \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 “\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629”\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0631”, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 ” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 , \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b, \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f, \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631”. \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a”, \u0623\u0645\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631” \u0641\u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1939 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u062a\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 ” \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 ” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a “\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0632\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0“\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0623\u0633 \u062d\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945<\/span>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631” \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629,” \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a, “\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f<\/span>“, \u00a0“\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645” \u060c “\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646”\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a”\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/span>\u00a0L\u2019Action \u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 “\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062f” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a, \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u0637\u062a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639” \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631”\u060c \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a”\u0648<\/span>Magazine\u00a0\u0648\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/span>\u060c \u00a0\u0648”\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621”\u060c “\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 ” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f”\u060c \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/span>.<\/p>\n

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\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 500 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 900 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/span>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 75% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 175 \u0648 200 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c<\/span>\u00a0\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 25 % \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646, \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0626\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0636\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0623\u062d\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/span>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0646 “\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646”\u060c\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0647\u064a “<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":14907,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2134,2079],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-of-printing-in-the-middle-east-ar","category-topics-ar"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e ! - ME Printer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0646 "\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646"\u060c\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0647\u064a "\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meprinter.com\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646-\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623-\u0623\u0648\u0644-\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629-\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e ! - ME Printer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0646 "\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646"\u060c\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 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